Climate change, the disappearance of biodiversity, the depletion of natural resources, the reduction in energy consumption, the limitation of greenhouse gas emissions etc. – the world is facing numerous environmental challenges. The concept of ecological transition covers an ensemble of principles and practices adopted with the goal of changing our economic and social model in favour of a sustainable decarbonised model to meet these challenges of the 21st century.
The energy transition constitutes one of the major components of the ecological transition, with energy playing a fundamental role in numerous human activities. Given our development models and the long running failure to take into account planetary limits, the problem is more than just ecological catastrophes. The reorganisation of forms of production and consumption has become essential. The concept of transition consequently involves the period required to transform the economy and switch over to an energy system based on the efficient use of renewable resources.